There was anger throughout Germany when the terms were made public. The Treaty became known as a Diktat — as it was being forced on them and the Germans had no choice but to sign it. Many in Germany did not want the Treaty signed, but the representatives there knew that they had no choice as Germany was incapable of restarting the war again. In one last gesture of defiance, the captured German naval force held at Scapa Flow north of Scotland scuttled itself i.
They signed the Treaty as in reality they had no choice. However, it left a mood of anger throughout Germany as it was felt that as a nation Germany had been unfairly treated. Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming her for the cause of the war and the resultant financial penalties the treaty was bound to impose on Germany. Many German citizens felt that they were being punished for the mistakes of the German government in August as it was the government that had declared war, not the people.
The League of Nations was created. This did happen even if Germany was initially excluded from it. Land had to be handed over the Poland, France, Belgium and Denmark.
This did happen — all the land Germany was required to hand over, was handed over. Territory put under League of Nations control was handed over to the League. All land taken from Russia had to be handed back to Russia. This did happen though land in the western area became Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia in keeping with the belief in national self-determination.
On paper this happened. The fact that Germany side-stepped the rule did not mean that she literally broke it — though what she did was a deliberate attempt to break this term. Therefore, Germany never had more than , soldiers serving at any one time though she certainly had substantial reserve soldiers which boosted Hitler when he renounced the clauses of Versailles. This happened. Germany could not afford battleships in the aftermath of the war and most navies were now moving to smaller by degrees , faster ships that could also carry weapons that carried a punch — such as cruisers.
Aircraft carriers were also being developed with greater commitment. Submariners were trained abroad — Versailles did not cover this, so it did not break the terms of Versailles — only the spirit. No air force was allowed. This happened but as with submariners, potential pilots were trained abroad or using gliders in Germany to educate them in the theory of flying. This did not break Versailles. Western Germany was to be demilitarised.
Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria. The former happened in the sense that Germany signed the Treaty which meant that she accepted this term on paper — if not in fact.
Also called the Triple Alliance. Also called the Great War. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit.
The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Caryl-Sue, National Geographic Society. Mary Crooks, National Geographic Society. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service.
If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. They will best know the preferred format. When you reach out to them, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. The Treaty of Saint-Germain , signed on September 10, , formally dissolved the Austro-Hungarian Empire and forced the new Republic of Austria to accept the independence of over 60 percent of its former territory.
This territory included the new nations of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, as well as part of Poland. Bulgaria signed the Treaty of Neuilly a couple of months later, losing territory to the new Yugoslavia and all access to the Aegean Sea. Hungary, now an independent state following its separation from Austria less than a month before the Armistice, lost two-thirds of its former territory and 58 percent of its population in the Treaty of Trianon , signed on June 4, Economic distress and resentment of the treaty within Germany helped fuel the ultra-nationalist sentiment that led to the rise of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party , as well as the coming of a World War II just two decades later.
In a speech to Congress in January , Wilson laid out his idealistic vision for the post-war world. This organization eventually became known as the League of Nations. Free trade should exist among all nations, putting an end to economic barriers between countries.
When German leaders signed the armistice ending hostilities in World War I on November 11, , they believed this vision articulated by Wilson would form the basis for any future peace treaty. This would not prove to be the case. The Paris Peace Conference opened on January 18, , a date that was significant in that it marked the anniversary of the coronation of German Emperor Wilhelm I, which took place in the Palace of Versailles at the end of the Franco-Prussian War in In , France and its prime minister, Georges Clemenceau, had not forgotten the humiliating loss, and intended to avenge it in the new peace agreement.
He sought heavy reparations from Germany as a way of limiting German economic recovery after the war and minimizing this possibility. Lloyd George, on the other hand, saw the rebuilding of Germany as a priority in order to reestablish the nation as a strong trading partner for Great Britain. Wilson opposed Italian territorial demands, as well as previously existing arrangements regarding territory between the other Allies; instead, he wanted to create a new world order along the lines of the Fourteen Points.
The other leaders saw Wilson as too naive and idealistic, and his principles were difficult to translate into policy. In the end, the European Allies imposed harsh peace terms on Germany, forcing the nation to surrender around 10 percent of its territory and all of its overseas possessions.
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, , exactly five years after the Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo, sparking the outbreak of the war.
0コメント